Episodes of violence suffered by migrants transiting through Libya: a cross-sectional study in "Médecins du Monde's" reception and healthcare centre in Seine-Saint-Denis, France.

INTRODUCTION: The Central Mediterranean Route, passing through Libya, is one of the most dangerous for migrants. Episodes of violence have been documented but have not been accurately quantified. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of episodes of violence suffered in Libya by migrants consulting the Médecins du Monde reception and healthcare centre in Seine-Saint-Denis (Ile-de-France). METHODOLOGY: A monocentric cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2019 including migrants over the age of 18 years who had passed through Libya and arrived in Europe from 2017. The presence of emotional distress was considered as exclusion criterion. The proportion, frequency and factors associated to physical, deprivation and sexual violence in Libya were estimated through a bespoke questionnaire, as well as healthcare access in Libya and psychosocial support needs. RESULTS: Ninety eight people were recruited and 72 were interviewed (17 refused to participate and 9 were excluded). 76.4% were men, with a mean age of 31.9 years, 76.4% had low educational level, 66.7% came from Ivory Coast and 59.7% had left their country for security reasons. The median length of stay in Libya was 180 days. The overall proportion of participants having suffered from violence was 96.4% among men and 88.2% among women. The prevalence of physical, deprivation and sexual violence for men and women were 94.2, 81.7 and 18% and 80.0, 86.7 and 53.3%, respectively. Access to healthcare in Libya was 2.8 and 63.9% of participants were oriented to psychosocial support after the interview. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of migrants reported having been victims of violence during their transit through Libya. Women were at particular risk of sexual violence. Access to health care in Libya was almost non-existent. Psychosocial support for this population is urgent.

Evaluation of contact tracing activities during the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Guinea, 2015.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to present the findings of an audit tool aimed at assessing contact tracing activities during an Ebola outbreak. Methods: The tool was based on Ebola guidelines and observations in the field. It was composed of 38 indicators covering contact tracing preparatives, resources, procedures and results. Results: All contact tracing teams were assessed in Boké and Conakry prefectures (24 supervisors, 22 community workers, 442 contacts) between 1 July and 10 August 2015. Contact lists had less than a 40% accomplishment rate. 7% of the contacts were not seen by community workers or supervisors. 'No touch policy' was fully respected. Conclusion: Audit checklist helped to systematically identify critical issues related to contact tracing.

[Inequalities in premature mortality by indicators of material welfare in Navarre. Population monitoring study 2001-2008]. / Desigualdades en mortalidad prematura según indicadores de bienestarmaterial en Navarra. Estudio poblacional de seguimiento 2001-2008.

BACKGROUND: To show the inequalities in premature mortality according to indicators of material welfare in Navarre. METHODS: All citizens under 75 years of age living in Navarre in 2001 were monitored for seven years to determine their vital status. House size and number of household vehicles was used as the socioeconomic status indicator. The age-adjusted total mortality rate and mortality rate from cause-specific mortality were estimated by these indicators. RESULTS: The rate ratio for all causes of death in the lower categories depending on house size is 1.14 (IC 95%: 1.05-1.24) and 1.25 (IC 95%: 1.18-1.32) in women and men respectively and 1.46 (IC 95%: 1.36-1.57) and 1.97 (IC 95%: 1.89-2.05) depending on the number of vehicles. AIDS is the leading cause of death having a greater difference in mortality rates among people with lower and higher material welfare. Other causes of death with a high difference in mortality rates are digestive diseases and diabetes mellitus in women and digestive diseases and respiratory diseases in men. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate in the Navarre population shows an inverse gradient to material welfare,except for some cancer sites. This gradient is higher among men than among women.

Desigualdades en mortalidad prematura según indicadores de bienestar material en Navarra. Estudio poblacional de seguimiento 2001-2008 / Inequalities in premature mortality by indicators of material welfare in Navarre. Population monitoring study 2001-2008

Fundamento: Mostrar las desigualdades en mortalidad prematura según indicadores de bienestar material en Navarra. Método: Todos los ciudadanos menores de 75 años residentes en Navarra en 2001 fueron seguidos durante 7 años para conocer su estado vital. El indicador de posición socioeconómica usado ha sido la superficie de la casa y el número de vehículos del hogar. Se han estimado las tasas de mortalidad general y por causa de muerte ajustadas por edad según estos indicadores. Resultados. La razón de tasas por todas las causas de muerte en las categorías inferiores es según la superficie de la vivienda de 1,14 (IC 95%: 1,05-1,24) y 1,25 (IC 95%: 1,18-1,32) en mujeres y hombres respectivamente y de 1,46 (IC 95%: 1,36-1,57) y 1,97 (IC 95%: 1,89-2,05) según el número de vehículos. El sida es la causa de muerte que presenta una mayor diferencia en las tasas de mortalidad entre las personas con menor y mayor bienestar material. Otras causas de muerte con elevada diferencia en las tasas de mortalidad son las enfermedades digestivas y la diabetes mellitus en mujeres y las enfermedades del aparato digestivo y respiratorio en hombres. Conclusiones: La tasa de mortalidad en la población navarra muestra un gradiente inverso con el bienestar material, a excepción de algunas localizaciones de cáncer. Este gradiente es mayor entre los hombres que entre las mujeres (AU)

Background: To show the inequalities in premature mortality according to indicators of material welfare in Navarre. Methods: All citizens under 75 years of age living in Navarre in 2001 were monitored for seven years to determine their vital status. House size and number of household vehicles was used as the socioeconomic status indicator. The age-adjusted total mortality rate and mortality rate from cause-specific mortality were estimated by these indicators. Results: The rate ratio for all causes of death in the lower categories depending on house size is 1.14 (IC 95%: 1.05-1.24) and 1.25 (IC 95%: 1.18-1.32) in women and men respectively and 1.46 (IC 95%: 1.36-1.57) and 1.97 (IC 95%: 1.89-2.05) depending on the number of vehicles. AIDS is the leading cause of death having a greater difference in mortality rates among people with lower and higher material welfare. Other causes of death with a high difference in mortality rates are digestive diseases and diabetes mellitus in women and digestive diseases and respiratory diseases in men. Conclusions: The mortality rate in the Navarre population shows an inverse gradient to material welfare, except for some cancer sites. This gradient is higher among men than among women (AU)